America Joint Aircraft Acquisition Programs 1961 - Present (incomplete)

US Army
US Navy
US Air Force

Boeing TFX

TFX

• Tactical Fighter, eXperimental.
• USAF, USN.
• October 1961: RFP issued.
• Boeing TFX.
• General Dynamics F-111 (winner).

General Dynamics F-111

• Light Armed Reconnaissance Aircraft.
• US Army, USAF, USN.
• 1963.
• Two crew, twin-engine light attack, observation, utility.
• 2,400 lb cargo, six paratroops or litters.
• 350 mph.
• Carrier capability.
• STO capability.
• Convertible amphibian capability.
• Beech PD-183.
• Douglas D-855.
• Convair Model 48 Charger.
• Helio H-1320.
• Lockheed CL-760.
• Martin LARA.
• North American NA-300 OV-10 Bronco.
• NA-300 selected as winner August 1964.

• Forward-Swept Wing research program.
• USAF, USN, DARPA, NASA.
• General Dynamics F-16SFW.
• Grumman Model 712 X-29.
• Rockwell International Sabrebat.

• Joint Primary Aircraft Training System.
• Joint program to replace Cessna T-37 Tweet and Beech T-34 Mentor.
• USAF, USN.
• 18 May 1994: RFP issued.
• Requirements:
  • Advanced ejection seats.
  • Increased bird-strike protection.
  • Electronic flight instrumentation.
  • Digital cockpit display.
  • Pressurized cockpit.
  • Increased oxygen capacity.
  • Cockpits to accommodate a larger range of individuals with different physical (male and female) dimensions.
• T-48 (USAF) and T-49 (USN) designations initially reserved for program.
• SIAI Marchetti - Grumman / Northrop Grumman - Agusta S.211A.
• Aermacchi - Lockheed MB.339 Thunderbird II.
• FMA - Vought / Northrop Grumman - FMA Pampa 2000.
• Embraer - Northrop Tucano H / Northrop Grumman EMB-312HJ Super Tucano.
• Pilatus - Beech PC-9 Mk 2 / Raytheon T-6 Texan II (winner).
• DASA / Rockwell Fan Ranger 2000.
• Cessna Model 526 JPATS Citationjet.
• PC-9 Mk 2 selected 5 February 1996.

• Joint Advanced Strike Technology.
• USAF, USN, USMC.
• 1993.
• Affordable, common next-generation strike fighter.
• Succeeded cancelled MRF (USAF), A/F-X (USN) and CALF (USMC/UK RN/DARPA) programs.
• Requirements:
  • USAF: conventional, stealthy attack; advanced avionics; low cost; reliability; speed, range, warload.
  • USN: conventional carrier-based attack.
  • USMC, RN: advanced STOVL attack.
  • Secondary air defense.
  • Mach 1.5.
  • Small internal warload (stealthy) or large external warload (non-stealthy).
• December 1994: Concept Definition and Design Research contracts awarded:
  • Boeing JAST.
  • Lockheed Martin JAST.
  • McDonnell Douglas JAST.
  • Northrop Grumman JAST.
• November 1995: Preliminary engine design contracts award to General Electric (F120) and Pratt & Whitney (F119).
• August 1996: revamped into JSF.

• Joint Strike Fighter.
• USAF, USN, USMC.
• Revamped JAST program.
• Planned JSF procurement:
  • USAF: 1,763 replacements for F-16 and A-10.
  • USMC: 609 replacements for F/A-18 and AV-8B.
  • USN: 480 to complement F/A-18E/F.
  • RN: 60 relacements for Sea Harrier.
• RFP issued March 1996.
• McDonnell Douglas / Northrop Grumman / British Aerospace JSF.
• Boeing X-32.
• Lockheed Martin Configuration 220 X-35 (winner).

• Aerial Common Sensor.
• Airborne intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance system.
• Replacement for Crazy Horse, Beech RC-12 / RU-21 Guardrail Common Sensor and de Havilland Canada EO-5 Airborne Reconnaissance Low (Army) and Lockheed EP-3E ARIES II (Navy).
• US Army (2000), US Navy (2003).
• Requirement: piloted aircraft capable of performing ISR missions, flying at 37,000 feet, at speeds in excess of 400 mph while carrying a payload of approximately 13,000 pounds.
• Number required: 38 (Army), 19 (Navy).
• Competitors:
  • Lockheed Martin / Embraer ERJ-145.
  • Northop Grumman / General Dynamics Gulfstream G450.
• 3 August 2004: Contract awarded to Lockheed Martin.
• 1 July 2005: program revised by Lockheed Martin and US Army: ERJ-145 considered too small; Embraer ERJ-190, Gulfstream G550, Bombardier Global Express and Boeing 717-200 being considered instead as airframe choices.
• US Navy may opt for Boeing P-8 MMA-based aircraft instead.

• Successor to AGM-65 Maverick and AGM-114 Hellfire, up to 54,000 required.
• USN, USMC, Army, UK.
• 2002.
• RFP issued 2003.
• Boeing Joint Common Missile (with ATK, Northrop Grumman).
• Lockheed Martin Joint Common Missile (winner).
• Raytheon Joint Common Missile.
• May 2004: Lockheed Martin selected.
• 16 December 2004: designated AGM-169.
• 2010: planned IOC.
• December 2004: funding cancelled, program pending termination.

• Joint Unmanned Combat Air Systems.
• USAF, USN.
• Merger of UCAV (USAF) and UCAV-N (USN) programs.
• 28 April 2003.
• Develop an affordable, lethal, low observable air vehicle capable of dynamic distributed control using advanced cognitive aids and advanced targeting processes.
• Roles:
  • USAF: SEAD; high-value, time-critical target strike; CAP.
  • USN: carrierborne surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeting.
• Performance objectives:
  • Radius: 1300 nm.
  • Persistence: 1000 nm with 2 hrs loiter.
  • Payload: 4500 lb.
• Boeing X-45.
• Northrop Grumman X-47.

• Joint Heavy Lift.
• US Army, USN, USMC, USAF, DARPA.
• 2005.
• Move fully equipped units based on the Future Combat System (FCS) directly across the battlefield for distances of 300 km or more.
• Maneuver an FCS/Stryker/LAV Vehicle over a 250 nautical mile radius, under 4000 foot density altitude and 950 Fahrenheit (4k95) conditions, from/to land or sea bases and operating areas.
• Conducting mounted and dismounted vertical envelopment.
• Executing operational maneuver and sustainment operations at extended ranges simultaneously into unprepared, complex terrain locations under extreme environmental conditions, 24/7.
• Overcoming enemy anti-access strategies from land and sea bases as part of joint expeditionary operations.
• 19 September 2005: Concept Design and Analysis contracts awarded:
  • Sikorsky X2C, X2 Technology Crane – coaxial rotor.
  • Boeing ATRH, Advanced Tandem Rotor Helicopter.
  • Sikorsky X2HSL, X2 Technology High Speed Lifter - advancing blade compound.
  • Bell Boeing QTR, Quad Tilt Rotor.
  • Frontier Aircraft OSTR, Optimum Speed Tilt Rotor.
• Eliminated from competition:
  • Piasecki compound-helicopter derivative of Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk.
  • Georgia Institute of Technology team including Groen Brothers Aviation, Gyrolifter, heavy-lift gyrodyne with tip-jet-powered rotors for vertical lift and standard, wing-mounted turboprop engines for forward flight.
• ADDED 3 March 2006

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